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Shane Coughlan

Shane Coughlan is an expert in communication, security and business development. His professional accomplishments include spearheading the licensing team that elevated Open Invention Network into the largest patent non-aggression community in history, establishing the leading professional network of Open Source legal experts and aligning stakeholders to launch both the first law journal and the first law book dedicated to Open Source. Shane has extensive knowledge of Open Source governance, internal process development, supply chain management and community building. His experience includes engagement with the enterprise, embedded, mobile and automotive industries.

OpenChain Receives Additional Contribution From Moorcrofts

By News

OpenChain Receives Additional Contribution From Moorcrofts

SAN FRANCISCO, United States, September 19, 2017 — The OpenChain Project is delighted to announce that our Onboarding Work Team has received an additional contribution of material from Moorcrofts, an OpenChain Partner.

“Moorcrofts has been at the leading edge of introducing the OpenChain Specification and Project to organizations operating in the UK,” says Shane Coughlan, OpenChain Program Manager. “We are extremely lucky to have fostered a close, productive relationship with a law firm that deeply understands the challenges faced in the supply chain. With this latest contribution our Work Team is being positioned to offer a comprehensive quick start package sooner rather than later.”

The OpenChain Project identifies key recommended processes for effective open source management. The project builds trust in open source by making open source license compliance simpler and more consistent.

The OpenChain Specification defines a core set of requirements every quality compliance program must satisfy. The OpenChain Curriculum provides the educational foundation for open source processes and solutions, whilst meeting a key requirement of the OpenChain Specification. OpenChain Conformance allows organizations to display their adherence to these requirements.

The result is that open source license compliance becomes more predictable, understandable and efficient for participants of the software supply chain.

Organizations of all sizes are invited to review the OpenChain Project, to complete our free Online Self-Certification Questionnaire, and to join our community of trust.

Additional Resources

About The Linux Foundation

The Linux Foundation is the organization of choice for the world’s top developers and companies to build ecosystems that accelerate open technology development and commercial adoption. Together with the worldwide open source community, it is solving the hardest technology problems by creating the largest shared technology investment in history. Founded in 2000, The Linux Foundation today provides tools, training and events to scale any open source project, which together deliver an economic impact not achievable by any one company. More information can be found at www.linuxfoundation.org.

The Linux Foundation has registered trademarks and uses trademarks. For a list of trademarks of The Linux Foundation, please see our trademark usage page: https://www.linuxfoundation.org/trademark-usage. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.

FSFE Contributes REUSE Guide to OpenChain Curriculum

By News

FSFE Contributes REUSE Guide to OpenChain Curriculum

SAN FRANCISCO, United States, September 13, 2017 –The OpenChain Project is delighted to announce that Free Software Foundation Europe e.V. (FSFE) has contributed their newly launched REUSE.software guide to the OpenChain Curriculum under CC-0 licensing terms.

“The OpenChain Curriculum is a growing body of knowledge that helps companies understand what types of process or best practices can support their compliance efforts,” says Shane Coughlan, OpenChain Program Manager. “We are able to share a substantial amount of material thanks to a wide range of volunteer activity and a substantial number of contributions of material. FSFE’s donation marks a significant expansion of the knowledge available for everyone to use, study, share and improve.”

“REUSE is designed to provide developer best practices for expressing license and copyright information in Free and Open Source Software projects in ways which computers and humans both can understand,” says Jonas Oberg, Executive Director of FSFE. “We are delighted to support the OpenChain Project by contributing our core material to their growing curriculum, and look forward to further collaboration in supporting more convergence around solutions that benefit the entire community.”

About The OpenChain Project

The OpenChain Project identifies key recommended processes for effective open source management. The project builds trust in open source by making open source license compliance simpler and more consistent.

The OpenChain Specification defines a core set of requirements every quality compliance program must satisfy. The OpenChain Curriculum provides the educational foundation for open source processes and solutions, whilst meeting a key requirement of the OpenChain Specification. OpenChain Conformance allows organizations to display their adherence to these requirements. The result is that open source license compliance becomes more predictable, understandable and efficient for participants of the software supply chain. Organizations of all sizes are invited to review the OpenChain Project, to complete our free Online Self-Certification Questionnaire, and to join our community of trust.

The OpenChain Project has twelve Platinum Members that support its work: Adobe, Arm, Cisco, Harmen, Hitachi, HPE, GitHub, Qualcomm, Siemens, Toyota, Wind River and Western Digital.

Additional Resources

About The Linux Foundation

The Linux Foundation is the organization of choice for the world’s top developers and companies to build ecosystems that accelerate open technology development and commercial adoption. Together with the worldwide open source community, it is solving the hardest technology problems by creating the largest shared technology investment in history. Founded in 2000, The Linux Foundation today provides tools, training and events to scale any open source project, which together deliver an economic impact not achievable by any one company. More information can be found at www.linuxfoundation.org.

The Linux Foundation has registered trademarks and uses trademarks. For a list of trademarks of The Linux Foundation, please see our trademark usage page: https://www.linuxfoundation.org/trademark-usage. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.

Media Contact:

Laura Kempke
The Linux Foundation
pr@linuxfoundation.org

OpenChain Project Launches Quick Start Infographic

By News

OpenChain Project Launches Quick Start Infographic

SAN FRANCISCO, United States, September 13, 2017 –The OpenChain Project has launched a quick start infographic.

“The OpenChain Project makes open source compliance in the supply chain simpler, easier and more efficient,” says Shane Coughlan, OpenChain Program Manager. “Our new infographic helps to capture the essence of our work in five sentences. It is designed to help business decision-makers, project leaders, lawyers and engineers understand our value proposition as quickly as possible.”

As with all OpenChain Onboarding material this infographic is provided under CC-0 licensing to make it as easy as possible for everyone to use, study, share and improve the content.

About The OpenChain Project

The OpenChain Project identifies key recommended processes for effective open source management. The project builds trust in open source by making open source license compliance simpler and more consistent.

The OpenChain Specification defines a core set of requirements every quality compliance program must satisfy. The OpenChain Curriculum provides the educational foundation for open source processes and solutions, whilst meeting a key requirement of the OpenChain Specification. OpenChain Conformance allows organizations to display their adherence to these requirements. The result is that open source license compliance becomes more predictable, understandable and efficient for participants of the software supply chain. Organizations of all sizes are invited to review the OpenChain Project, to complete our free Online Self-Certification Questionnaire, and to join our community of trust.

The OpenChain Project has twelve Platinum Members that support its work: Adobe, Arm, Cisco, Harmen, Hitachi, HPE, GitHub, Qualcomm, Siemens, Toyota, Wind River and Western Digital.

Additional Resources

About The Linux Foundation

The Linux Foundation is the organization of choice for the world’s top developers and companies to build ecosystems that accelerate open technology development and commercial adoption. Together with the worldwide open source community, it is solving the hardest technology problems by creating the largest shared technology investment in history. Founded in 2000, The Linux Foundation today provides tools, training and events to scale any open source project, which together deliver an economic impact not achievable by any one company. More information can be found at www.linuxfoundation.org.

The Linux Foundation has registered trademarks and uses trademarks. For a list of trademarks of The Linux Foundation, please see our trademark usage page: https://www.linuxfoundation.org/trademark-usage. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.

Media Contact:

Laura Kempke
The Linux Foundation
pr@linuxfoundation.org

OpenChain to Feature in Two Talks by Marcel Kurzmann

By News

OpenChain to Feature in Two Talks by Marcel Kurzmann

SAN FRANCISCO, United States, September 11, 2017 –The OpenChain Project will feature in two talks to be delivered by Marcel Kurzmann at Open Source Summit Europe and EclipseCon Europe 2017.

“The most valuable aspect of OpenChain is our community,” says Shane Coughlan, OpenChain Program Manager. “Marcel’s talks, covering practical aspects of using the OpenChain Specification and Curriculum to solve real world problems, are a great example of how we share knowledge outwards. Our community has made great strides in both developing and sharing knowledge over the last twelve months and we expect this trend to accelerate in the coming year.”

About The OpenChain Project

The OpenChain Project identifies key recommended processes for effective open source management. The project builds trust in open source by making open source license compliance simpler and more consistent.

The OpenChain Specification defines a core set of requirements every quality compliance program must satisfy. The OpenChain Curriculum provides the educational foundation for open source processes and solutions, whilst meeting a key requirement of the OpenChain Specification. OpenChain Conformance allows organizations to display their adherence to these requirements. The result is that open source license compliance becomes more predictable, understandable and efficient for participants of the software supply chain. Organizations of all sizes are invited to review the OpenChain Project, to complete our free Online Self-Certification Questionnaire, and to join our community of trust.

The OpenChain Project has twelve Platinum Members that support its work: Adobe, Arm, Cisco, Harmen, Hitachi, HPE, Github, Qualcomm, Siemens, Toyota, Wind River and Western Digital.

Additional Resources

About The Linux Foundation

The Linux Foundation is the organization of choice for the world’s top developers and companies to build ecosystems that accelerate open technology development and commercial adoption. Together with the worldwide open source community, it is solving the hardest technology problems by creating the largest shared technology investment in history. Founded in 2000, The Linux Foundation today provides tools, training and events to scale any open source project, which together deliver an economic impact not achievable by any one company. More information can be found at www.linuxfoundation.org.

The Linux Foundation has registered trademarks and uses trademarks. For a list of trademarks of The Linux Foundation, please see our trademark usage page: https://www.linuxfoundation.org/trademark-usage. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.

Media Contact:

Laura Kempke
The Linux Foundation
pr@linuxfoundation.org

OpenChain Featured in OSEN Podcast

By News

OpenChain Featured in OSEN Podcast

SAN FRANCISCO, United States, September 12, 2017 –The OpenChain Project is featured in the latest podcast from The Open Source Entrepreneur Network.

“The OpenChain Project is all about efficiency and collaboration,” says Shane Coughlan, OpenChain Program Manager. “In this wide-ranging interview conducted by John Mark Walker I discuss the reasoning behind our project, our current status, and where we see the market going next.”

About The OpenChain Project

The OpenChain Project identifies key recommended processes for effective open source management. The project builds trust in open source by making open source license compliance simpler and more consistent.

The OpenChain Specification defines a core set of requirements every quality compliance program must satisfy. The OpenChain Curriculum provides the educational foundation for open source processes and solutions, whilst meeting a key requirement of the OpenChain Specification. OpenChain Conformance allows organizations to display their adherence to these requirements. The result is that open source license compliance becomes more predictable, understandable and efficient for participants of the software supply chain. Organizations of all sizes are invited to review the OpenChain Project, to complete our free Online Self-Certification Questionnaire, and to join our community of trust.

The OpenChain Project has twelve Platinum Members that support its work: Adobe, Arm, Cisco, Harmen, Hitachi, HPE, Github, Qualcomm, Siemens, Toyota, Wind River and Western Digital.

Additional Resources

About The Linux Foundation

The Linux Foundation is the organization of choice for the world’s top developers and companies to build ecosystems that accelerate open technology development and commercial adoption. Together with the worldwide open source community, it is solving the hardest technology problems by creating the largest shared technology investment in history. Founded in 2000, The Linux Foundation today provides tools, training and events to scale any open source project, which together deliver an economic impact not achievable by any one company. More information can be found at www.linuxfoundation.org.

The Linux Foundation has registered trademarks and uses trademarks. For a list of trademarks of The Linux Foundation, please see our trademark usage page: https://www.linuxfoundation.org/trademark-usage. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.

Media Contact:

Laura Kempke
The Linux Foundation
pr@linuxfoundation.org

OpenChain Curriculum Takes Center Stage at OSSummit

By News

OpenChain Curriculum Takes Center Stage at OSSummit

SAN FRANCISCO, United States, September 11, 2017 –The OpenChain Curriculum will feature in a talk entitled ‘Giving Everyone Access To Open Source Best Practices‘ at Open Source Summit North America on Wednesday.

“The OpenChain Curriculum provides key educational material to stakeholders of all sizes in the open source eco-system,” says Shane Coughlan, OpenChain Program Manager. “With a growing collection of material licensed into the public domain, it delivers the components that help accelerate the adoption of processes and best practices that increase efficiency around open source compliance.”

The talk will explain how the OpenChain Curriculum team assembled and released extensive compliance training material under CC-0 licensing. It will expand on how this material can be either used for generic in-company or cross-company training and how it helps to comply with the OpenChain Specification. A run through of the key material will be given to illustrate how it can support every company in the adoption and customization of best practices to suit their needs. The talk will conclude with a brief overview of how to engage with the OpenChain Curriculum, the broader OpenChain Project, and what can be expected around Open Source supply chain management in the coming year.

About The OpenChain Project

The OpenChain Project identifies key recommended processes for effective open source management. The project builds trust in open source by making open source license compliance simpler and more consistent.

The OpenChain Specification defines a core set of requirements every quality compliance program must satisfy. The OpenChain Curriculum provides the educational foundation for open source processes and solutions, whilst meeting a key requirement of the OpenChain Specification. OpenChain Conformance allows organizations to display their adherence to these requirements. The result is that open source license compliance becomes more predictable, understandable and efficient for participants of the software supply chain. Organizations of all sizes are invited to review the OpenChain Project, to complete our free Online Self-Certification Questionnaire, and to join our community of trust.

The OpenChain Project has twelve Platinum Members that support its work: Adobe, Arm, Cisco, Harmen, Hitachi, HPE, Github, Qualcomm, Siemens, Toyota, Wind River and Western Digital.

Additional Resources

About The Linux Foundation

The Linux Foundation is the organization of choice for the world’s top developers and companies to build ecosystems that accelerate open technology development and commercial adoption. Together with the worldwide open source community, it is solving the hardest technology problems by creating the largest shared technology investment in history. Founded in 2000, The Linux Foundation today provides tools, training and events to scale any open source project, which together deliver an economic impact not achievable by any one company. More information can be found at www.linuxfoundation.org.

The Linux Foundation has registered trademarks and uses trademarks. For a list of trademarks of The Linux Foundation, please see our trademark usage page: https://www.linuxfoundation.org/trademark-usage. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.

Media Contact:

Laura Kempke
The Linux Foundation
pr@linuxfoundation.org

OpenChain Project Welcomes Hitachi

By News

OpenChain Project Welcomes Hitachi

SAN FRANCISCO, United States, September 11, 2017 –The OpenChain Project is proud to welcome Hitachi as a Platinum Member. Hitachi joins eleven other companies to take a leadership role in our industry standard for open source compliance in the supply chain.

“The inclusion of Hitachi in our community is pivotal,” says Shane Coughlan, OpenChain Program Manager. “As a leader in numerous technology areas, and as a long-term contributor to the open source community, Hitachi is perfectly positioned to help us take the OpenChain Project to the next level. We look forward to working closely together to build out adoption of the OpenChain Specification in the supply chain.”

“We are delighted to join the OpenChain Project as a Platinum Member,” says Teruhisa Ishikawa, Director of OSS Solution Center, Systems & Services Business Division, Hitachi, Ltd. “Open source delivers value to multiple market segments and underpins many mission critical technologies. Good governance and clear standards are vital for effective, sustainable use. OpenChain helps empower companies of all sizes to benefit from the knowledge and experience of the community as a whole. We look forward to encouraging greater adoption.”

About The OpenChain Project

The OpenChain Project identifies key recommended processes for effective open source management. The project builds trust in open source by making open source license compliance simpler and more consistent.

The OpenChain Specification defines a core set of requirements every quality compliance program must satisfy. The OpenChain Curriculum provides the educational foundation for open source processes and solutions, whilst meeting a key requirement of the OpenChain Specification. OpenChain Conformance allows organizations to display their adherence to these requirements. The result is that open source license compliance becomes more predictable, understandable and efficient for participants of the software supply chain. Organizations of all sizes are invited to review the OpenChain Project, to complete our free Online Self-Certification Questionnaire, and to join our community of trust.

The OpenChain Project has twelve Platinum Members that support its work: Adobe, Arm, Cisco, Harmen, Hitachi, HPE, Github, Qualcomm, Siemens, Toyota, Wind River and Western Digital.

Additional Resources

About Hitachi, Ltd.

Hitachi, Ltd. (TSE: 6501), headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, delivers innovations that answer society’s challenges. The company’s consolidated revenues for fiscal 2016 (ended March 31, 2017) totaled 9,162.2 billion yen ($81.8 billion). The Hitachi Group is a global leader in the Social Innovation Business, and it has approximately 304,000 employees worldwide. Through collaborative creation, Hitachi is providing solutions to customers in a broad range of sectors, including Power / Energy, Industry / Distribution / Water, Urban Development, and Finance / Government & Public / Healthcare. For more information on Hitachi, please visit the company’s website at http://www.hitachi.com.

About The Linux Foundation

The Linux Foundation is the organization of choice for the world’s top developers and companies to build ecosystems that accelerate open technology development and commercial adoption. Together with the worldwide open source community, it is solving the hardest technology problems by creating the largest shared technology investment in history. Founded in 2000, The Linux Foundation today provides tools, training and events to scale any open source project, which together deliver an economic impact not achievable by any one company. More information can be found at www.linuxfoundation.org.

The Linux Foundation has registered trademarks and uses trademarks. For a list of trademarks of The Linux Foundation, please see our trademark usage page: https://www.linuxfoundation.org/trademark-usage. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.

Media Contact:

Laura Kempke
The Linux Foundation
pr@linuxfoundation.org

OpenChain Referenced in Academic Article

By News

OpenChain Referenced in Academic Article

SAN FRANCISCO, United States, September 7, 2017 — The OpenChain Project has been referenced in an academic article by Dirk Riehle and Nikolay Harutyunyan entitled ‘License Clearance in Software Product Governance.’

“Academic research provides an important cornerstone of information analysis and sharing in the technology industry,” says Shane Coughlan, OpenChain Program Manager. “We are delighted to be included in cutting-edge research covering issues around governance in software.”

The OpenChain Project identifies key recommended processes for effective open source management. The project builds trust in open source by making open source license compliance simpler and more consistent.

The OpenChain Specification defines a core set of requirements every quality compliance program must satisfy. The OpenChain Curriculum provides the educational foundation for open source processes and solutions, whilst meeting a key requirement of the OpenChain Specification. OpenChain Conformance allows organizations to display their adherence to these requirements.

The result is that open source license compliance becomes more predictable, understandable and efficient for participants of the software supply chain.

Organizations of all sizes are invited to review the OpenChain Project, to complete our free Online Self-Certification Questionnaire, and to join our community of trust.

Additional Resources

About The Linux Foundation

The Linux Foundation is the organization of choice for the world’s top developers and companies to build ecosystems that accelerate open technology development and commercial adoption. Together with the worldwide open source community, it is solving the hardest technology problems by creating the largest shared technology investment in history. Founded in 2000, The Linux Foundation today provides tools, training and events to scale any open source project, which together deliver an economic impact not achievable by any one company. More information can be found at www.linuxfoundation.org.

The Linux Foundation has registered trademarks and uses trademarks. For a list of trademarks of The Linux Foundation, please see our trademark usage page: https://www.linuxfoundation.org/trademark-usage. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.

OpenChain Project Welcomes Toyota

By News

OpenChain Project Welcomes Toyota

SAN FRANCISCO, United States, August 31, 2017 –The OpenChain Project is proud to welcome Toyota Motor Corporation as a Platinum Member. Toyota is the first Japanese company and the first automotive maker to take a leadership role in our industry standard for open source compliance in the supply chain.

“Toyota is a visionary company,” says Shane Coughlan, OpenChain Program Manager. “Toyota has constantly been at the forefront of transportation technology. They developed the first mass market hybrid vehicle, pioneered hydrogen fuel cell technology and have a key role in driving Linux in automobiles. Today’s announcement underlines Toyota’s commitment to leadership in the governance of software in vehicles. We look forward to collaborating with Toyota directly, through sister projects like Automotive Grade Linux, and through complementary organizations like Open Invention Network. Together we will build an ecosystem of excellence around open technology.”

“We are extremely pleased to participate in the OpenChain Project as a Platinum Member,” says Kenji Kondo, General Manager of IP Division of Toyota Motor Corporation. “The automotive industry has seen increased adoption of open source in recent years and an adjacent emphasis on addressing matters such as compliance hand-in-hand with the global IT community. We believe that the OpenChain Project will enhance the responsiveness and capability of the entire supply chain, and will ultimately contribute positively to software quality and to society as a whole. We look forward to working with our peers in the open source community to realize this vision.”

About The OpenChain Project

The OpenChain Project identifies key recommended processes for effective open source management. The project builds trust in open source by making open source license compliance simpler and more consistent.

The OpenChain Specification defines a core set of requirements every quality compliance program must satisfy. The OpenChain Curriculum provides the educational foundation for open source processes and solutions, whilst meeting a key requirement of the OpenChain Specification. OpenChain Conformance allows organizations to display their adherence to these requirements.

The result is that open source license compliance becomes more predictable, understandable and efficient for participants of the software supply chain.

Organizations of all sizes are invited to review the OpenChain Project, to complete our free Online Self-Certification Questionnaire, and to join our community of trust.

Additional Resources

About Toyota Motor Corporation

Toyota Motor Corporation is one of leading global automakers. Toyota Motor Corporation is a gold member of Linux foundation and a platinum member of Automotive Grade Linux (AGL). They rolled out the first AGL-based infotainment system on the 2018 Toyota Camry in the U.S. More information can be found at http://www.toyota-global.com.

About The Linux Foundation

The Linux Foundation is the organization of choice for the world’s top developers and companies to build ecosystems that accelerate open technology development and commercial adoption. Together with the worldwide open source community, it is solving the hardest technology problems by creating the largest shared technology investment in history. Founded in 2000, The Linux Foundation today provides tools, training and events to scale any open source project, which together deliver an economic impact not achievable by any one company. More information can be found at www.linuxfoundation.org.

The Linux Foundation has registered trademarks and uses trademarks. For a list of trademarks of The Linux Foundation, please see our trademark usage page: https://www.linuxfoundation.org/trademark-usage. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.

Media Contact:

Laura Kempke
The Linux Foundation
pr@linuxfoundation.org

OpenChain Receives Material Contribution From Moorcrofts

By News

OpenChain Receives Material Contribution From Moorcrofts

SAN FRANCISCO, United States, August 29, 2017 — The OpenChain Project is delighted to announce that our new Onboarding Work Team has received its first donation of material from Moorcrofts, an OpenChain Partner.

“Last week our Onboarding Work Team quietly launched,” says Shane Coughlan, OpenChain Program Manager. “Lead by Nathan Kumagai, our contributors are collaborating to build materials that make it easier for any organization to understand and participate in OpenChain. We started with an existing handout and slides to explain OpenChain, and a work-in-progress “OpenChain for Managers” document. Our goal was to improve this material to create “packs” that make OpenChain adoption easier for companies of all sizes. The contribution of a comprehensive company onboarding document by Moorcrofts has gotten us off to a flying start and underlines the tremendous value of the collaborative community that we are building. Naturally we are licensing everything from the Onboarding Team under CC-0 so anyone can remix for any purpose.”

“We’re delighted to see OpenChain momentum continuing to grow and, most importantly, move from “this is a great idea” to “we’re doing this!”,” says Andrew Katz, Partner at Moorcrofts. “There’s no doubt that OpenChain is exactly what the industry needs, and we’re excited to be a part of it.”

The OpenChain Project identifies key recommended processes for effective open source management. The project builds trust in open source by making open source license compliance simpler and more consistent.

The OpenChain Specification defines a core set of requirements every quality compliance program must satisfy. The OpenChain Curriculum provides the educational foundation for open source processes and solutions, whilst meeting a key requirement of the OpenChain Specification. OpenChain Conformance allows organizations to display their adherence to these requirements.

The result is that open source license compliance becomes more predictable, understandable and efficient for participants of the software supply chain.

Organizations of all sizes are invited to review the OpenChain Project, to complete our free Online Self-Certification Questionnaire, and to join our community of trust.

Additional Resources

About The Linux Foundation

The Linux Foundation is the organization of choice for the world’s top developers and companies to build ecosystems that accelerate open technology development and commercial adoption. Together with the worldwide open source community, it is solving the hardest technology problems by creating the largest shared technology investment in history. Founded in 2000, The Linux Foundation today provides tools, training and events to scale any open source project, which together deliver an economic impact not achievable by any one company. More information can be found at www.linuxfoundation.org.

The Linux Foundation has registered trademarks and uses trademarks. For a list of trademarks of The Linux Foundation, please see our trademark usage page: https://www.linuxfoundation.org/trademark-usage. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds.